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I don't know for the US, but in Europe fake honey is a big problem. There were several grocery chains who had to call back their honey because of it

Fun fact: The crime of passing off inferior sweeteners as (higher-priced) honey is referred to as "honey laundering".

https://kinghavenfarms.com/blogs/from-the-hive/the-sticky-bu...


It'll be great if someone can invent an accurate in-situ low-cost fake honey detector.

For a low tech pure honey detection you can mix a few drops of honey with a warm water then swirl the mixture in a bowl. If you see the appearance of seamless hexagonal pattern appearing like a honeycomb, the honey is said to be pure.

I've used this method many times and mostly works, i.e the hexagonal honeycomb pattern does appear, but the honeycomb pattern probably can appear with fake honey as well. It will be very interesting to test this rudimentary technique with fake honey for accuracy.


Yes. Good episode about fake honey and its interaction with almond growing: https://freakonomics.com/podcast/beeconomics-101/

That has been a global problem, lots of it in the US as well. I tend to only buy honey from known local producers, either at specialty stores or street markets.

you certainly don't know how belligerent the Hapsburgs were

Fun Fact, a Habsburg was even blamed for the dissolution of the German Democratic Republic

> After his fall, Honecker said of Otto von Habsburg in relation to the summer of 1989, "this Habsburg drove the nail into my coffin."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-European_Picnic


Weirdly enough, Honecker was unrepentant until his death. They didn't put him on trial in the unified Germany, because the law in Germany is intentionally soft towards the terminally ill.

Weren't they supposed to marry, not war?

that's just a myth, there even is a black book on them (in German). one of the many examples is the Magnate Conspiracy, from WP: "Petar Zrinski and Fran Krsto Frankopan (Francesco Cristoforo Frangipani) were ordered to the Emperor's Court. The note said that, as they had ceased their rebellion and had repented soon enough, they would be given mercy from the Emperor if they would plead for it. They were arrested the moment they arrived in Vienna, and put on trial. They were held in Wiener Neustadt and beheaded on April 30, 1671."

Lidl is German, so, not fully national, IMHO

If they cannot provide it nationally, Germany seems a good place to have it, especially as they are both EU.

At the very least a country dependent cloud services from multiple other countries is less dependent on any one of them than a country predominantly dependent on one (and most of Europe is currently dependent on US cloud providers).


till now I was under the impression, that that was the advantage of solid electrolytes: preventing the dendrites in the first place (being a natural barrier to build dendrites).

guess I was wrong


Yeah, same. Ziroth got some 'splainin' to do!

I, for one, root for AAA

*cries in ghettoblaster and Maglite D cells*

I used to graduate at an institute having physicists as well as chemists, I gues it was no coincidence that only physicists operated with HF, one chemist told me that no chemist in their right mind would touch it

That's not quite accurate (but close enough). We had HF in the chem lab. It lived in a dedicated metal box with a massive neon warning label and a padlock.

It's notable in comparison that all the deadly organics lived together in an unlocked cupboard (vented OFC). I think the only thing I ever saw treated as more of a pariah than HF were radioactive isotopes. Those generally get an entire dedicated room with restricted entry and a tedious mandatory cleaning procedure.


Makes sense. HF deserves the same awe as radioactive material. I've always found both fascinating. Like some kind of dark magic that curses you if you contact it.

As usual for particularly nasty crap, Derek Lowe has written amusingly about why he won't work with it[1].

[1] https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/things-i-won-t-tou...


HF is routinely used in analytical labs; it's standard to microwave HF solutions for ICP digestions. It's not even the most hazardous reagent in my lab right now.

Now, perhaps this chemist meant that no chemist in their right mind would physically touch HF--in that case, I agree completely!


AFAIK they're talking about anhydrous HF gas, not solutions of it. That sounds substantially less fun to work with. It's used to clean CVD chambers.

Oh fair enough, that is a nightmare.

there is an antidote for paracetamol: ACC (Acetylcysteine)

> Acetylcysteine

That's NAC (N-acetylcysteine, C5H9NO3S), mentioned in the article many times.


my bad

reminds me of a quote from my favorite band: God thinks in the geniuses, he dreams in the poets and he sleeps in the rest of the people


ok, the Landauer limit defines the minimum energy for a bit flip but I don't see how a Toffoli gate would require less energy for a bit flip let alone come into the region of the Landauer limit. Could someone with more knowledge enlighten us (or at least me)?


The Landauer limit defines minimum energy for a bit *erasure*.

A reversible gate doesn't involve any such erasure and therefore Landauer's principle doesn't apply to it.

What will happen in practice if you do an entirely reversible computation is that you end up with the data you care about and a giant pile of scratch memory that you're going to need to zero out if you ever want to reuse it. Or perhaps you rewind the computation all the way back to the beginning to unscratch the scratch memory but you're going to at least need to pay to copy the output somewhere.


IANAP, but my understanding is that the Landauer limit defines the minimum energy of forcing a unknown bit into a known state. Physics as we know it is fully reversible at the microscale - every possible state have exactly one ancestor state. An irreversible process (that is, one that would force to macroscopically distinguishable states into a single one) is only possible if we conduct the "unknowness" aka entropy away from our computer - i. e. generate heat. Toffoli gate are reversible, and therefore in theory you can implement it in a way that is not subject to the Landauer limit.

Obviously, implementing one as a CMOS gate wouldn't be enough. Reversible gates would be very different. AFAIR they need to have a fan-out of one - you can't just wire an output to two inputs without losing reversibility.


For example all the quantum computing is reversible and really doesn't want qbits to interact (hence get any energy) with the outside. So if you ignore all the supporting apparatus in theory it could work without spending energy. Toffoli gates can be used/realized in quantum computes.


there was a time when I used a simple "§" in my password. turned out, some Android keyboards don't have the "§". Since then I play it safe with my passwords, using only characters I don't need a specialized keyboard for


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